International Harvester

In 1961, IH introduced two small new models: the 404 and the 504. A standard three-point hitch was now a factory feature, and it was equipped with a push-arm sensing mechanism. A significant innovation in the tractor world was the hydrostatic steering offered as an option for the 504. Also new for tractors was a dry paper air filter. There was a cooler for the hydraulic oil. The engine in the 404 was the same 2.2-liter gasoline engine previously used in the 340 model. The larger 504 was only a few horsepower more powerful but was also available as a diesel. The 504 also featured a larger-series transmission with a high-speed gear option. A bit later, the 6-cylinder 606 was introduced, which was only available as an International version with a wide front axle.

In 1965, the more powerful 656 was introduced, and two years later, the long-developed 656 Hydro with hydrostatic transmission went into production. The speed could be adjusted (0...34 km/h), and the driving direction could be changed with a single lever.

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Tractors

McCormick International/Farmall 404-656

In the autumn of 1970, the new models from the Doncaster factory were introduced: the 3-cylinder 454 and the 4-cylinder 574. The update was so extensive that largely the same features carried through until the 1990s.

The tractor brand was now solely International, and the grille followed the new IH style. Instead of the previous pre-chamber diesels, the engines were German direct injection diesels. There were 8+4 gears, and the transmission was fully synchronized. As an option, there was a hydraulic Torque Amplifier quick-shift feature, which, however, was not imported into Finland. The gear levers were positioned on the driver's left side in the British manner. The clutch disc was 11 inches in diameter and equipped with ceramic surfaces.

The steering was hydrostatic. The disc brakes were now oil-bath type. The power take-off had a separate hydraulic clutch. The hydraulic output was 45 liters per minute. The fuel tank was located at the rear. New features also included suspended pedals. Unlike the first image’s Sekura cab and the second image’s Victor cab seen in Finland, the earliest tractors had the Siro cab and later the Turla cab.

In 1971, these tractors also began to be produced with hydrostatic power transmission. The construction was the same as in IH’s American hydro models.

In 1972, the 474 was introduced, which largely followed the 574’s technology but had only 60 hp. It was replaced in 1974 by the 475, which was equipped with a Perkins engine. In 1973, the most powerful version, the 674, was introduced. It had 72 hp and greater hydraulic output. Initially, the speed of the 674 was significantly slower than the other models, which were quite fast, but it was later increased to 33 km/h. Later models had live power take-off. In 1976, the cab was switched to Sekura.

(In the picture, the performance figures of the 574 are given in British units, torque in lbs/foot)

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International 454-674

In 1971, model 354 replaced model 276, and model 444 replaced model 434. The new models still used the old 4-cylinder pre-chamber diesels, which now had power outputs of 35 and 42 hp. However, the design was new, and the grille was checkered. The factory-installed Victor cab was quite good, but in Finland, more modest Siro and Turla cabs were installed instead. The power take-off was now independent of the drive clutch. The only technical differences between the 354 and the 444 were the engine and a 10" clutch plate instead of an 11" one.

These tractors were the last Internationals manufactured at the Bradford factory, and in the final phase, production was transferred to Doncaster. At the same time, IH's engine manufacturing ended in England. Only model 444 was imported to Finland.

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International 354-444

In 1947, the Farmall A was replaced by the Super A. The Super A was available with a hydraulic system independent of the foot clutch. The successor to the C was the Super C in 1951, which featured disc brakes and a slightly bored-out engine. The last Super A models in 1954 had the same 2.0-liter engine as the Super C.

The H, intended for a two-wing plow, became the Super H in 1953. Its engine was also bored out for greater size, gaining an additional 7 horsepower, and the brakes were changed to disc brakes. The largest models, the Super M and Super MD, had been introduced a year earlier. In 1953, a quick-attachment system for the three-point hitch became available for the Farmall series. The 1954 innovation was a hydraulic quick-shift offered for the Super M/MD (Super M-TA/MD-TA).

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McCormick International Farmall Super A-MD

In 1924 International introduced the Farmall tractor. IH was already the largest manufacturer of agricultural machinery, but until then it hadn’t achieved much success in the tractor market. The versatile Farmall, however, was a hit. Within five years, 100,000 tractors had been built. The Farmall was lightweight and particularly well suited to row-crop work. Thanks to its portal axles, it had high ground clearance. Its four-cylinder gasoline engine produced 27 horsepower. It came standard with a power take-off, and attachment points for implements were provided at the front, between the axles, and at the rear. A distinctive feature was the steering column, which was carried forward over the hood.

Competitors quickly copied the Farmall’s design, and in 1932 three new models were introduced (F-12, F-20, and F-30), the middle one being roughly the same size as the original. In 1936 the color was changed from blue-gray to red. By then these models usually came equipped with pneumatic tires.

In the summer of 1939 a new series of lettered models was unveiled, featuring a stylized design developed under Raymond Loewy’s leadership. The smallest of the series, Model A, was a four-wheeled offset tractor—meaning the operator sat on the right-hand edge and had a clear view of an implement mounted in the center or of the area ahead alongside the hood. Model B used the same 19-horsepower engine but was three-wheeled, with the operator seated on the centerline. In 1940 a narrow-track BN version became available. An optional “Lift-all” pneumatic draft control, powered by exhaust gases, could be added to both the A and B models.

Models H and M were more closely based on the original Farmall design. Their separate, mid-length frame and high ground clearance made it easier to attach row-crop implements under the tractor. These models were most commonly fitted with dual front wheels. The “Lift-all” draft control was again optional. The transmission now had five gears—one more than the major competitors. The diesel version of the M, called the MD, was IH’s first diesel tractor. It started on gasoline, then switched over to diesel fuel once the engine was warm. The best-selling tractor in the U.S. during this era was the Model H, with 390,000 units produced. The Model M was also popular and was manufactured not only in Chicago but also in England (as the BM) and in Australia (as the AM).

In 1948 the Model B was replaced by the Model C. Its engine speed was raised to 1,650 RPM, the wheelbase was lengthened, the rear wheels were enlarged, and the portal axle design was abandoned.

The naming conventions varied: for example, the Model A was initially called the McCormick-Deering Farmall A, from 1946 the McCormick Farmall A, and as an industrial model simply the International A. The power ratings given here refer to the gasoline versions, which were a few horsepower stronger than their petrol (gasoline) counterparts.

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McCormick International Farmall A-MD

The International factory in Doncaster, England, began operations in 1949. At that time, the model in production was the Farmall BM, which differed very little from the American Farmall M. In 1952, the diesel model BMD equipped with a British overhead valve engine was introduced. In 1953, improved models Super BM and Super BMD followed, featuring more advanced clutch-independent hydraulics and a 12″ clutch. The belt pulley power in the diesel model was 47 hp, which was 25% more than before. There were 5+1 gears. The power take-off speed was changed to meet the standard 540 rpm. The Super models had self-adjusting disc brakes. In Sweden, the BM was known by the abbreviation EM.

In 1954, the models Super BW-6 and diesel model Super BWD-6 were introduced. The wheelbase was shorter than before. The British models began to diverge from the Farmalls, and the brand became McCormick International. The appearance was similar to the previous models and differed from the new American Farmall 100, 200, 300, and 400.

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McCormick International BM / BMD / Super BMD / BW-6 / BWD-6

The English International models changed to the 84 series at the end of 1977. However, new models did not arrive in Finland until a year later. The updates compared to the previous models were minor. The new almost flat-bottomed Sekura cab was factory-installed. More attention had been paid to maintainability than before; for example, it was no longer necessary to remove the cab for clutch repairs. The lifting capacity was slightly higher than before, and the fuel tank capacity was increased. The 784 and 884 were also available as four-wheel-drive models. The front axle was a Japanese Kimco.

In addition to the 484-884 models, the range included a parallel model of the 784 equipped with hydrostatic transmission called the Hydro 84, as well as the small 384, which still featured a very old pre-chamber diesel engine and an unsynchronized gearbox. The 384 was mainly based on the earlier 444's technology. The lower cab picture shows the LP cab of the 384.

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International 384-884

More from this manufacturer

In the summer of 1972, new hoods were introduced to the small German series, and the Mc Cormick brand was dropped from the tractors. At the same time, the driver's conditions were improved in the smaller models. The largest model of the series, the 453, was brought to Finland, with a reported power output of 48 hp there. In addition to Germany, the model range was also manufactured in France. The French models used their own cab (the white cab in the picture).

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International 323

malli

hinta (sis. alv)

Series specifier

Manufacturer name

Model specifier

Imported to Finland

Years

Engine model

Cyl/Turbo/Intercooler

Displacement

Bore x stroke

Rated power

Max power

Torque

Gears

Creeper speeds

Synchronized gears

Powershift gears

Reverser

Speeds in km/h

Max. speed 

Hydr. flow l/min

Hydraulic pressure

Lift controls

Lift capacity

PTO speeds

Brakes

Steering

Turning circle m 2WD

Turning circle m 4WD

Front tyres 2WD

Front tyres 4WD

Rear tyres 2WD

Rear tyres 4WD

Weight 2WD

Weight 4WD

Height with cab

Length (2WD/4WD)

Wheelbase (2WD/4WD)

Fuel tank

Cab noise level

Solid cab

Diff. lock

Autom. differential locks

Air suspension seat

Air conditioning

Trip computer

Creeper gear

sylinterien lukumäärä

iskutilavuus

iskusuhde

suurin vääntömomentti, nm

suurin vääntömomentti, r/min

vääntömomentin nousu

polttonesteen kulutus suurimman tehon pisteessä

kytkimen tyyppi

ajovoimanotto

nopeus eteenpäin moottorin nimellisnopeudella, pienin

nopeus eteenpäin moottorin nimellisnopeudella, suurin

jarrut

hydrauliikan suurin paine

hydrauliikan suurin tuotto

nostolaitehydrauliikan hallinta

ulkopuolinen hydrauliikka, venttiililohkoja

1-toimisia

2-toimisia

nostovoima (kn=100 kg)

hydrauliikan tyyppi

kääntöympyrän halkaisija ilman ohjausjarrua

eturenkaat

takarenkaat

kokonaismassa säiliöt täynnä vakiovarustein

etuakselipaino

taka-akselipaino

suurin korkeus (ohjaamon ylimpään kohtaan)

kokonaispituus

akseliväli

maavara, pienin

polttoainesäiliön tilavuus

korkein melutaso

etuakselin tasauspyörästön lukko

etunostolaite

etulokasuojat

ilmastointilaite

perävaunun jarruventtiili

ilmaistuin

ohjauksen tyyppi

International 383

International 423

International 453

International 323-453

Etusivu

Ajoneuvot ja ympäristö

Huolto ja tekniikka

Lukijan idea

Maarakennus

Maatalous

Osastot

Metsä

Pääkirjoitus

Uutiset

Weteraani

Yritykset ja tapahtumat

Koneviesti

Lehdet

Konedata

Palvelut

Tilaa Koneviesti

Asiakaspalvelu

Jätä ilmoitus

Tilaa uutiskirje

Lähetä uutisvinkki

Lähetä palautetta

Lähetä oikaisupyyntö

Toimituksen yhteystiedot

Mediamyynnin yhteystiedot

Ota yhteyttä

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Model	International 323	International 383	International 423	International 453
Manufacturer name	International	International	International	International
Imported to Finland	No	No	No	Yes
Years	1972-75	1972-75	1972-75	1972-75
Engine model	D-111	D-155	D-155	D-155
Cyl/Turbo/Intercooler	3	3	3	3
Displacement	1825 cm³	2536 cm³	2536 cm³	2536 cm³
Bore x stroke	87,3×101,6 mm	98,4×111,1 mm	98,4×111,1 mm	98,4×111,1 mm
Rated power	26/1900 hp DIN/rpm	35/1900 hp DIN/rpm	40/1900 hp DIN/rpm	45/2200 hp DIN/rpm
Gears	8+2	8+2	8+2	8+2
Powershift gears	opt.	opt.	opt.	opt.
Speeds in km/h	2,2-22,4	2,3-23,4	2,4-25,0	2,3-25,0
Lift controls	mech.	mech.	mech.	mech.
Lift capacity	1600 kg	1760 kg	1760 kg	1760 kg
PTO speeds	540	540	540	540
Brakes	dry disc	dry disc	dry disc	dry disc
Steering	mech.	mech.	mech.	mech.
Front tyres 2WD	5.50-16	6.00-16	6.00-16	7.50-16
Rear tyres 2WD	11.2-28	12.4-28	12.4-32	12.4-36
Weight 2WD	1955 kg	2065 kg	2140 kg	2300 kg
Height with cab	225 cm	227 cm	232 cm	232 cm
Length (2WD/4WD)	314 cm	325 cm	325 cm	325 cm
Wheelbase (2WD/4WD)	182 cm	192 cm	192 cm	192 cm
Fuel tank	60 l	60 l	60 l	60 l
Creeper gear	opt.	-	-	-
Torque	-	-	-	-
Max. speed	-	-	-	28.7 km/h
Hydr. flow l/min	-	-	-	31 l/min
Hydraulic pressure	-	-	-	180 bar
Cab noise level	-	-	-	94 dB
Solid cab	-	-	-	x

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