Oliver / White

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White’s first articulated-frame tractor, the 4-150 Field Boss, was placed in the same power class as the earlier Minneapolis-Moline A4T, but much had been redesigned using the same parts as White’s new 2-wheel drive tractors; for example, the rear end was the same as in the 2-105. The tractor’s structure was low, and the weight distribution was designed to be 50/50 when pulling an implement. The model introduced in 1974 featured a 10.4-liter Caterpillar V8 (engine power 175 hp) and an Oliver 6+2 transmission, which optionally included a 3-speed high/low range. The hydraulics used the same 75-liter variable displacement pump as White’s 2-wheel drive tractors. Likewise, the optional three-point hitch had a lifting capacity of 2700 kilograms, matching those models. The power take-off (PTO) was standard (1000 rpm with a hydraulic clutch). The cab looked the same as in previous models, and the noise level was around 80 decibels.

A year later, the 4-180 was introduced, which had more engine power, planetary gear drives in the axles, a 12+4 transmission, a dual-disc clutch, and standard 38" wheels.

In 1979, the redesigned models 4-175 and 4-210 were released. The smaller model received only minor updates, with the model designation switching from gross power (VOA) to engine power. The cab was modernized and the control levers were grouped on a console on the right side. In the larger 4-210, the powertrain borrowed from the 2-wheel drive tractors was adopted, along with an 18+6 transmission. The articulated frame was made stronger than before.

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Tractors

White 4-150 – 4-210 Field Boss

In the autumn of 1974, the Minneapolis-Moline G1355 and its red sister model, the White 2270, were replaced by the silver-colored White 2-150. The engine continued to be the 9.6-liter Hercules used by Minneapolis-Moline. The transmission was an Oliver unsynchronized 6+2 (with a high-speed range of 18+6). The clutch was a 14-inch ceramic type, and the dry disc brakes had 3 discs. The power take-off clutch was hydraulic, and the standard speed was 1000 rpm. The closed hydraulic system had a 75-liter pump, and the lift device featured draft sensing. The cab, equipped with a three-sided front, was an optional accessory.

Just two years later, significant updates were introduced. The engine was changed to a 7.8-liter turbocharged one. There were now two models: 2-135 and 2-155. The high-speed range became a standard feature, and the brakes were replaced with oil-immersed types. The cab noise level was lowered to a competitive 80 decibels.

In 1978, the 2-180 model was introduced, featuring a Caterpillar 10.4-liter V8 and two 13-inch clutch discs. A new feature was the digital Accra-Tach meter, which could display engine speed, driving speed, or PTO speed. A photo of the four-wheel-drive model was now included in the brochure, but no technical details were provided. Models 2-135, 2-155, and 2-180 were sold in Central and Southern European countries.

After White’s bankruptcy in 1981, production continued under the brand WFE with red decals. A more significant update came with the 1982 Series 3, which featured a quiet and airtight cab representing the best of its time. No more control rods were present in the cab, and the noise level was successfully reduced to 75.5 decibels.

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White 2-135 – 2-180 Field Boss

In the autumn of 1974 White introduced two silver-painted two-wheel-drive tractors, the 2-70 and the 2-105. These replaced the earlier Oliver 55-series models, which had also been sold under the Minneapolis-Moline name. Both brands’ design solutions were combined in the new tractors, and several entirely new features were added. For example, the clutch could be rebuilt without splitting the tractor housing.

2-70  
• Powered by Oliver six-cylinder petrol or diesel engines  
• 6 + 2-speed unsynchronized transmission, with an optional three-speed “Hydraul-Shift” power shuttle  
• 12-inch clutch with ceramic linings  
• Hydrostatic steering with an adjustable column  
• Open-center hydraulics driven by a 55 l/min pump and two external remote couplers  
• No factory-installed cab available  
• Four-wheel-drive listed as an option, but the brochure included neither pictures nor technical data for it  
• As a rear-drive model (Field Boss), it featured a long wheelbase and most often a wide-adjustable front axle  

2-105  
• Perkins-built six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine  
• Same transmission as the 2-70, but with a 13-inch clutch  
• Standard 540/1000 rpm PTO  
• Large, fender-mounted fuel tanks in the Oliver style (not integrated with a cab)  
• Optional cab with a three-panel front windshield  
• Both the 2-85 and 2-105 saw sales in many European countries  

In 1976 the 2-85 was introduced. It was mechanically identical to its bigger sibling except that it lacked a turbocharger, reverted to a 12-inch clutch, and used two-disc brakes instead of three-disc assemblies.

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White 2-70 – 2-105 Field Boss

The White Farm Equipment, which had passed to new owners, continued under the WFE brand, but financial difficulties persisted still in 1983, when the articulated models 4-225 and 4-270 were introduced. The factory was shut down for most of the year, and these models only entered production towards the end of the year. The 4-225 Field Boss was a direct development of its predecessor, the 4-210. The 10.4-liter Caterpillar engine had received a turbocharger, and the power had increased to 225 horsepower. The transmission had 18+6 gears with a three-speed range gearbox. A PTO at 1000 rpm, a hydraulic lift, and dual wheels were standard equipment. The cab was significantly improved, and the noise level dropped to 78 decibels.

The 4-270 Field Boss, on the other hand, was an entirely new model and in many ways more robust. Its engine was a turbocharged 6-cylinder 10.45-liter Caterpillar. The transmission offered 16+4 gears with a four-speed range gearbox. The hydraulic lift was an optional extra. A model 4-325 was also under development, but it never reached mass production.

These models remained the last articulated tractors produced by White.

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WFE 4-225 – 4-275 Field Boss

The second‐generation Cockshutts arrived in 1958. The previous streamlined shapes were replaced by straight lines and a Harvest Gold paint scheme. A three‐point hitch was standard, the electrical system was 12 volts, the brakes were dry disc units, and power steering was offered as an option.

The 540 replaced the 20. It was powered by a 2.4-liter Continental gasoline engine. The 6+2-speed transmission was now the same as that used on the larger models. The 550 came with a 3.2-liter Hercules engine, available in either gasoline or diesel. The 560 initially carried a 4.4-liter Perkins L4, which was replaced the following year by the direct‐injection 4-270. At the top of the range sat the six‐cylinder Hercules model, now numbered 570. For 1961 the engine grew from 4.9 liters to 5.6 liters, and the model was renamed the 570 Super.

In 1962 White purchased Cockshutt, and from then on tractors built by Oliver were sold under the Canadian brand name.

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Cockshutt 540-570

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The Canadian agricultural machinery manufacturer Cockshutt had sold Oliver and Allis-Chalmers tractors, but in 1946 the first Canadian tractor, the Cockshutt 30, was introduced. Its appearance bore a similar style to the Oliver. The engine was a 4-cylinder 2.5-liter Buda gasoline or diesel engine. The transmission was 4+1, later also 8+2. A special requirement that was the starting point in the design was a power take-off independent of the driving clutch. Cockshutt was the first on the market to offer this. In American fashion, various front axle versions with narrow and wide tread widths were available.

The second model introduced in 1949 was the Cockshutt 40, which had a 6-cylinder engine. In 1953, the 50 came out with a larger engine; its most significant differences from the 40 were disc brakes and more powerful hydraulics. In 1956, the 35 was introduced, which was otherwise similar to the 40 but equipped with a 4-cylinder Hercules gasoline engine.

In 1952, the model 20 was introduced, which corresponded to the demand for utility-type small tractors competing with Ferguson and equipped with a three-point hitch. The 20 initially had a 2.0-liter Continental gasoline engine, but during the first model year, it switched to a 2.3-liter engine.

Above these models, Cockshutt further complemented its lineup with Oliver models 60-90. In the USA, Cockshutt was sold under the CO-OP cooperative brand.

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Cockshutt 20-50

From 1976 onward, the Oliver, Minneapolis-Moline and Cockshutt brands were dropped. All of the group’s tractors were now badged White and painted silver-gray. At the bottom of the lineup were the Iseki-built 2-30 and 2-35 Field Boss models. The other imported range, as before, was Fiat-built. Models previously known as the Oliver 1265 and 1365 were now rebadged 2-50 and 2-60 Field Boss. Their Fiat equivalents were the 500 and 640, but with a uniquely styled White front end. Both models were also available in four-wheel drive. At that time the model numbers all began with ‘2’, since only proper frame-steered tractors carried a ‘4’ in the White numbering system.

An 8+2 gearbox—which had already been standard equipment in Europe—was now also fitted to the 2-50. Power steering and a four-post rollover protection structure were standard features as well.

The successors to these models, the 2-45 and 2-62, came from Iseki. In Canada, however, the model sold was the White 700, which was identical to the Fiat 780.

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White 2-50 – 2-60 Field Boss

More from this manufacturer

Minneapolis-Moline

Cockshutt

In 1929, tractor pioneer Hart-Parr, successful plow manufacturer Oliver, and two other work machinery manufacturers merged to form the new Oliver company. In 1930, the new Oliver Hart-Parr tractor models 18-27, 18-28, and 28-44 were introduced, featuring Waukesha engines. The Oliver Hart-Parr 70, introduced in 1935, was technically the successor to the 18-28 but had a more modern design. Its technology was enclosed under smooth (though still angular) sheet metal panels, a style that had become common in cars, and it had a 6-cylinder Continental engine.

The gauges were placed on the dashboard, and electric start and headlights were available as optional equipment. The HC model had a high-compression gasoline engine (27 hp) and the KD had a petrol engine (24 hp). There were 4+1 gears. The standard equipment included steering brakes that acted on the differential axles and also operated automatically when turning sharply. There was a Row-Crop version available with either one front wheel or two adjacent wheels, and a Standard model with a wide front axle and disc brakes.

In 1937 the design was changed to a very modern style, and a 6+1-speed transmission was offered for the rubber-tired version. The green color became lighter, and red was introduced as a decorative color. Now available was the streamlined tractor by which Oliver is still known in Finland. Hart-Parr was dropped from the name in 1938.

In 1940, the Oliver 60 was introduced, and the design of the Oliver 70 was modified to match the smaller model.

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Oliver 60-70

After the Modern Oliver 70, the Hart-Parr 18-27 and 28-44 models were updated on a smaller budget into the Oliver 80 and 90 models. The design of these models did not receive more investment than that of competitors. The 80 featured a 4-cylinder 5.5-liter Waukesha-Oliver petrol or gasoline engine with a power output of 35-43 hp. The transmissions offered were either 3+1 or 4+1. The 90 had a 7.3-liter 50-horsepower petrol engine. Its parallel model was the 99, a 63-horsepower gasoline version. The most significant innovation in the 90 and 99 compared to the preceding 28-44 was electric starting.

The 80 was available both as a Row-Crop model with narrow front wheels placed side by side and as a Standard version with a wide front axle. The 90 and 99 were available as Standard or Industrial models. Initially, all models were offered with either steel or rubber tires.

In 1940, the 80 Diesel was introduced, initially equipped with a 3.7-liter Buda-Lanova engine and later with Oliver’s own diesel engine. However, production numbers remained around one hundred units.

In Canada, Oliver tractors were sold by Cockshutt, painted red.

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Oliver 80-99

Minneapolis-Moline was formed in 1929 through the merger of three companies. Of these, Minneapolis Steel and Machinery Company had manufactured tractors under the Twin City brand, and going forward, the tractors were named Minneapolis-Moline Twin City. However, in 1937, a new lineup was introduced, designed to be modern, painted in a new Prairie Gold color, and the Twin City name was gradually phased out by 1940.

The first of the new models was the medium-sized (”2-3 plow”) Z, followed in the summer of 1938 by the larger (”3-4 plow”) U. A De Luxe model UDLX was also introduced, featuring a streamlined steel cab and suspension on all wheels. In 1939, the smallest model R was introduced to replace the former FT. It was also available with a cab. There were several versions of all models. For example, the RTN was the row-crop version of the R with one front wheel, the RTU had two side-by-side front wheels, and the RTS was the standard tractor with a wide front axle. All models were equipped with Minneapolis-Moline 4-cylinder gasoline engines (or their kerosene or butane versions). The transmissions had 4 forward gears plus 1 reverse, but the rubber-tired versions of the Z and U had 5 forward gears plus 1 reverse. The clutch was hand-operated, and there were two brake pedals operated by the left foot. The steering wheel was on the left side of the centerline, and the steering shaft ran along the left side of the hood. Power take-off was an optional accessory. Disc brakes were introduced on the R model in 1948.

In 1952, a diesel engine was introduced for the U model, but it did not gain much popularity.

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Minneapolis-Moline R/Z/U

Minneapolis-Moline replaced the old FTA model for the year 1939 with the significantly more powerful GT model. Its gasoline engine was a 60-horsepower 6.6-liter four-cylinder – fundamentally the same as before. It had 4+1 gears, and the road speed was limited to 15 km/h; in the version with steel wheels, the highest gear was removed. The design of the GT was modern, but under the bodywork, the technology was older than in the newer smaller models. The brakes were operated by hand levers, as was the clutch. The GT was offered only with a wide front axle in Standard and Industrial versions.

The GTB model introduced in 1947 had 5+1 gears, a 6-volt electrical system, and a revised design. The GTBD had a diesel engine, which was apparently a successfully converted M-M gasoline engine.

In the 1955 GB model, the updates included a 12-volt electrical system, moving the brake pedals to the right side (the clutch still operated with a hand lever), a curved front axle, and wide fenders.

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Minneapolis-Moline GT/GB

Oliver was one of the first manufacturers to develop a model series that used as many interchangeable components as possible. In 1947, the model 88 was introduced above the 60 and 70 models, featuring a similar design to them. However, this was a short-lived intermediate phase.

In 1948, the Fleetline was introduced, which included the 4-cylinder 66 as well as the 6-cylinder 77 and 88. The appearance that distinguished it from competitors was primarily the fully sheet metal-covered engine compartment. The engines were produced in Waukesha. The lineup included HC models for gasoline, KD models for petrol, as well as later introduced diesel and propane versions. The diesels initially had technical problems but quickly replaced the petrol versions. All three models were available in Row Crop, Standard, Industrial, and Orchard versions. The Row Crop models could be equipped either with two front wheels placed in the center or with a wide, adjustable front axle, and their rear wheels were larger than those of the Standard models. Operator comfort was one of the most important design criteria for the new series. The noise level at the operator's seat was below 85 decibels, and the new Ridemaster seat suspension was complex. The power take-off was equipped with a separate clutch, making it one of the first tractors to have this feature. In 1950, the Hydra-Lectric was introduced as an optional feature — a hydraulic two-point hitch with electromagnetic working depth control. The first Fleetline tractors had band brakes that affected the drivetrain and included steering brakes. Disc brakes were introduced in 1951.

In 1952, the series was expanded with the similarly styled 99, which was, however, largely the same tractor as the earlier, unstyled 99.

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Oliver 66-88

The Minneapolis-Moline Z was redesigned as the ZA in 1949. The engine had an increased stroke length. New features included a hydraulic lifting device. The wheels had grown to 38 inches. The steering shaft was still on the left side, but its height could now be adjusted. In addition to row-crop models, the lineup now also included a Standard version with a shorter wheelbase. Electric start with a 6-volt electrical system was now standard equipment.

In the ZB and UB models, the driver sat significantly higher than before; the reported heights of 188…200 cm to the steering wheel were remarkably tall at the time. The steering wheel was moved to the centerline, although the steering shaft still ran on the side. The clutch was now operated by a pedal. The optional power take-off was equipped with a separate clutch. The ignition system was 12 volts, and the cooling system was pressurized. Another new feature was disc brakes. The ZB and UB were always row-crop tractors, but one option was the ZBE/UBE with a wide-adjustable front axle.

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Minneapolis-Moline ZA/ZB/UB

Minneapolis-Moline bought Avery in 1951. At the factory, the model Avery R, introduced the previous year, was in production, which Minneapolis-Moline renamed BF because they already had their own model called R. The color was changed to yellow, but no other major changes were made. The engine was a 2.2-liter Hercules gasoline engine, and there were four gears. The BFS was equipped with a single front wheel, the BFD with two, BTW with a wide front axle, and BFH with high ground clearance.

The rarer little brother was the Avery V, which was part of the Minneapolis-Moline series in 1952. The following year it was renamed BG, and the same larger engine and four-speed transmission as in the BF were adopted. The BG was always equipped with a wide front axle and was a so-called Utility model. These models were not available with a lifting device.

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Minneapolis-Moline BF/BG

Oliver decided in the late 1940s to develop his first utility-type tractor as a next-generation product compared with the Ford 8N. He based it on the Model 66’s four-cylinder engine, a 6+2 helical-gear transmission, and a power take-off independent of the foot clutch. With Vickers’ assistance, draft control was engineered as far as possible without infringing existing patents. The Super 55 reached the market in the summer of 1954. Its engine’s nominal speed of 2,000 rpm and a compression ratio of 7.0 in the gasoline version were the highest available at the time.

In 1957 the lineup was rounded out by the smaller Super 44, which—like the Farmall C—was an offset tractor, meaning the operator’s seat and steering wheel were mounted to the right of the centerline to improve visibility, while the engine was shifted 17 cm to the left of center. The Super 44 was powered by a 2.3 L, 31 hp Continental gasoline engine with a 4+1 gearing arrangement. Super 44 tractors were sold primarily to tobacco farms.

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Oliver Super 44-55

In 1954, the Fleetline lineup was renewed as the Super series. The design featured only minor changes, and the engine side panels were removed. Initially, the rims were green, but later they returned to red. The engines grew slightly larger than before. They were still manufactured by Waukesha, with a short stroke, wet cylinder liners, and overhead valves. The compression ratio of the gasoline models was increased to 7.0. The Super 77 and 88 had a pressurized cooling system. The diesel models had a 12-volt electrical system. The diameter of the clutch plates was increased to 9, 10, and 11 inches. The Super 66 and 77 received a new Hydra-Lift three-point hitch.

The Super 99 was completely redesigned to be more like the smaller models. It was available with a Waukesha 4.9-liter gasoline or diesel engine or GM's two-stroke diesel, which featured a mechanical Roots-type supercharger that enhanced the cylinder scavenging phase. The clutch was 12 inches, and in the GM model, 14 inches. Optional extras included 15-34 wheels and power steering. Starting in 1957, a mechanical quick-shift gear was also available. For the smaller models, an optional Power Booster Drive, a hydraulic downshift quick gear, was introduced.

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Oliver Super 66-99

Minneapolis-Moline also recognized the popularity of utility-type small tractors equipped with three-point hitch lifting devices and introduced the 335 in 1956. The engine was a 2.7-liter with 40 horsepower in the gasoline version. The bigger brother to the 335 was the 445, which was also available as a narrow front-row crop cultivation version. The engine in the 445 was the same 3.4-liter as in the ZB. However, it had the same 51 horsepower as the earlier UB’s 4.6-liter engine. Gasoline, petrol, and liquefied petroleum gas versions were available, and later also a diesel version. The innovation was the Ampli-Torc, Minneapolis-Moline’s first hydraulic power shift, which provided 10+2 gears. Aside from the power shift, almost everything else was optional: the lifting device, external hydraulics, and power steering.

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Minneapolis-Moline 335-445

The modernized 5-Star came as the successor to the UB model in 1957. The engine was the same 4.6-liter as in its predecessor, alongside which a 5.5-liter diesel was introduced. Later, the 3.4-liter model 445 was also updated and included in the same series under the name 4-Star. Mainly the appearance was renewed, and the hydraulics were improved with the addition of the Tel-O-Flow load-sensing system.

The base model once again came without any equipment. The Super model included standard features such as the Ampli-Torc quick power take-off, a three-point hitch, external hydraulics, power steering, and larger fenders.

In 1960, the M-5 was presented as the successor to the 5-Star, featuring an angular design similar to that of the larger G-VI model. In the M-5, both the gasoline and LPG engines increased to 5.5 liters. There was also a very rare four-wheel-drive version of the M-5, called the M-504.

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Minneapolis-Moline 4-Star – 5-Star – M-5

In 1958 the Super series was replaced by three‐digit models. The yellow and red accents were changed to white and the grille was redesigned. The engines received even more power. On the 660 the cylinder bore was increased. On the 770 and 880 the maximum engine speed was raised and some internal components were changed. The 950 replaced the earlier Super 99 in its Waukesha‐engined version, and the 990 was fitted with a GM engine. The 995 was otherwise identical to the 990, but featured an Allison torque converter that allowed shifting without using the clutch, although it introduced a significant power loss. The transmissions were upgraded to helical‐gear designs.

All models shared features such as a 12‐volt electrical system with key start, a separate clutch for the power take-off (PTO) with 540 and 1000 rpm options, dual‐disc brakes, and a weight‐transfer system which, according to the advertising, “outperformed nearly all competitors’ solutions.” There still was no separate hydraulically lifted drawbar, but a quick‐change assembly containing a drawbar could be substituted for the draft arms. Optional equipment included power steering and a mechanical Power Booster high-low range. Alongside the Row Crop models, the lineup now offered Wheatland versions instead of the Standard models.

The Oliver 990 served as the basis for the Massey Ferguson 98.

From this series the Oliver 770 continued in production below the newer, larger models until 1967, in its last years equipped with a new‐style cast-iron grille. A total of about 100,000 units of the 770 were built.

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Oliver 660-995

In the redesigned 1958 model series, the grilles were renewed and the yellow accent color was changed to white. The engines also received more power. In this respect, the 550 was updated only a year later, when its engine was bored out to a larger size. Features of the 550 included a weight transfer system, dual disc brakes, and an independent power take-off. Power steering was available as an optional extra.

The 440 arrived in 1960, when production was moved to another factory. Aside from the color scheme, its changes compared to its predecessor were minimal. The lift cylinders were larger than before. Sales of the 440 remained limited, and the model was discontinued in 1962.

In 1963, the 550 also received a cast iron grille consistent with the new larger models.

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Oliver 440-550

The Minneapolis-Moline G-VI was one more update to the GT/GB series that began in 1938. Its appearance was ahead of its time – clearly a 1960s design. The engine, frame, and axles were painted in a bronze color. Both propane and diesel versions were available. All engines were now 6-cylinder 7.0-liter units. The power was significantly higher than before: 94 hp in the LPG version and 85 hp in the diesel. There were five gears, and as a result of the increased speed, even the lowest gear, with its 5.0 km/h speed, was quite agile. The clutch still operated with a hand lever, although in smaller models, the foot pedal had already long been adopted. Most competitors already had a three-point hitch, at least as an optional feature on their larger tractors, but the G-VI remained a prairie tractor without modern equipment. At least power steering was available as an option.

Just before the model generation changed in 1962, a four-wheel-drive model was introduced, named G-704 according to the new naming convention.

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Minneapolis-Moline G-VI/G-704

The Jet Star succeeded the 335 at the same time that the 445 was replaced by the 4-Star. The Jet Star now had the same 3.4-liter engine as the 4-Star, but in a slightly lower-powered version. Unlike the other models, the Jet Star's color was brown. Standard equipment was minimal, but optional extras included the Ampli-Torc quick hitch, a three-point linkage, external hydraulics, and power steering.

In the 1963 Jet Star 2, the color switched to bright yellow. A more significant update came the following year with the Jet Star 3, which featured angular new styling. The power take-off was available at either 540 or 1000 rpm. The linkage was improved, and hydrostatic steering was available as an option. The Jet Star 3 Super, introduced in 1966, is distinguished by a wide white stripe.

Between 1966 and 1968, the same tractor was sold under the Cockshutt brand as the model 1350.

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Minneapolis-Moline Jet Star

Introduced in 1960, the Oliver 1800 and 1900 met the need for increasingly larger tractors. For the first time, engine power exceeded 100 hp. The design was advanced and angular, characterized by an intentionally heavy cast iron grille. The 1800 was primarily a Row Crop tractor, but the 1900 was only available as the short wheelbase Wheatland version. The engine in the 1900 was now a 4-cylinder GM two-stroke diesel. New technology included draft sensing, a hydraulic PTO clutch, and an optional Hydro-Power hydraulic power shift. The tractor design considered the possibility of a cab, but one was not yet offered. Hydrostatic steering became available a little later.

In 1962, European-style four-wheel drive models of the 1800 and 1900 were introduced, followed by the 1600 in 1964. The four-wheel drive models were equipped with Goodyear's newly launched Terra low-pressure tires.

For 1963, Series B models of the 1800 and 1900 were introduced, featuring increased power and higher engine RPMs. The 1964 Series C models had improved hydraulics and a steering wheel adjustable for both length and height.

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Oliver 1600-1900

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The demand for small tractors for hobby farms increased in the USA, and in 1961 Oliver decided to include the David Brown 850 in its lineup, with the color and grille changed to match Oliver's design. Both gasoline and diesel versions were offered, each rated at 35 horsepower. A dual clutch was made standard equipment, and the standard tires were one size wider than those used in the USA.

A year later, the model 600 was introduced, corresponding to the David Brown 990. It was equipped with a diesel engine, and the transmission ratios were lower than the European versions.

David Brown returned to the USA under its own name for the 1965 model year, and Oliver's purchase of small models from David Brown was short-lived.

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Oliver 500-600

The large Minneapolis-Moline tractors remained quite old-fashioned in the 1962 revision. The engine was either diesel or LPG, having grown to 8.3 liters with a power output of just over 110 horsepower. There were 5+1 gears, and no quick-shift options were available. The clutch was still operated by a hand lever. Power take-off and hydraulics were available as optional extras, but a three-point hitch was not. Power steering was now standard. A basic cabin was also available, with access from the rear. The G-706 was a four-wheel-drive model equipped with a Coleman front axle.

The G-705 was also sold under the name Massey Ferguson 97.

For the last year, the model designations were changed to G-707 and G-708. There were no differences in the technical specifications compared to the previous models, except for the availability of a short wheelbase option on the two-wheel-drive model, but the design resembled the upcoming G-1000 model. For example, the rear fenders were straight and had dual headlights. The grille was easy to remove.

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Minneapolis-Moline G-705 – G-708

The M-5 was replaced by the visually similar M-602 and its four-wheel-drive sister model M-604 in 1963. The power of the 5.5-liter engine in the gasoline and LPG models had increased to 78 horsepower. Standard equipment included, among other things, a hydraulic quick-shift, a 3-point hitch, 2 external hydraulic valves, electric start with ignition key, and power steering.

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Minneapolis-Moline M-602 – M-604

Oliver tractors moved to the 50 series in 1964. The 1600 was replaced by the 1650. Its transmission featured a 3-speed Hydraul-Shift quick gear change. As an option, there were High Speed gear ratios that allowed a top speed exceeding 40 km/h. The clutch discs were now ceramic. Draft control feedback was done through the draft arms. A safety cab was offered for the first time. The steering wheel was adjustable both in length and height. For the power take-off (PTO), speeds of 540, 1000, or both on separate shafts were available. Model options included three different long-wheelbase versions: Row-Crop, Wheatland, and 4-wheel drive either with mechanical or hydraulic front drive.

At the lower end of the lineup in 1965 came the Oliver 1550, which had a 2-speed quick gear and a traditional 11-inch clutch disc. It was available as Row Crop, low-profile Row Crop Utility, and Wheatland types. The 1550 was the same tractor as the Minneapolis-Moline G 550.

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Oliver 1550-1650

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The Oliver 1850, introduced in 1964, featured a new 5.8-liter Dyna-Diesel direct injection diesel engine. Meanwhile, the 1950 model still used GM’s two-stroke diesel engine, which was promised to last 8,000 hours without an engine overhaul. The standard transmission was 6+2 speeds. As options, a 2-speed power shift and/or High Speed gearing were available. The steering was hydrostatic, and the steering wheel was adjustable in depth and height. A 2-speed power take-off (PTO) was available as an option, implemented with a reversible shaft. Four-wheel-drive versions could be ordered with either mechanical or hydrostatic front drive. A safety cab was also available, optionally equipped with air conditioning.

In 1967, the GM-powered 1950 model was replaced by the 1950-T, which had an Oliver-Waukesha 5.1-liter turbocharged diesel engine producing the same 116 hp as before. The price was 10% lower than earlier. This model also offered a 3-speed power shift option.

In 1968, the 2050 and 2150 models were introduced, equipped with a 7.8-liter Oliver-Hercules engine, of which the latter was turbocharged and featured a 14″ ceramic clutch. Oliver’s owner White had just purchased the Hercules engine factory, and the engines used MAN’s M-System direct injection. The wheelbase of these models was also shorter in the Row-Crop version than in the smaller models. The cab had a flat floor, and a cab enclosure was available as an option. The transmission was still an unsynchronized 6+2, to which a 3-speed hydraulic power shift was available as an option. The category III lifting device power could be supplemented, if necessary, with external cylinders of various sizes—delivering up to an impressive 9.5 tons.

A total of just over 1,000 units of the 2050 and 2150 models were produced, of which 100 were sold under the Cockshutt brand. The next 55-series models, the 2055 and 2155, were green-painted Minneapolis-Moline tractors.

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Oliver 1750-2150

The M-670 replaced the M-602/604 models. The hydraulics had been developed and the curved shapes had been straightened, which was especially visible in the straight-lined fenders. The engines were still 5.5 liters. The diesel model now had even more power. The clutch was reinforced and measured 12 inches. The steering was now hydrostatic. The fuel tank capacity was nearly double compared to before. As an accessory, a 1000 rpm power take-off was available. The wheelbase was clearly longer than before. The four-wheel-drive model was no longer offered. The tow hook was still fixed, although a three-point hitch was standard. Starting from 1965, the model designation was M-670 Super. Differences included, among others, the striping, electrical system, and steering pump.

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Minneapolis-Moline M-670

The larger Minneapolis-Moline engines gained more power in 1964, and a place was found above the Jet Star for a new intermediate model. In the U-302, the engine displacement was increased from the Jet Star's 3.4 liters to 3.6 liters. The power was about 62 hp, and both gasoline and LPG versions were available. The transmission always featured a hydraulic Ampli-Torc quick shift as standard. The clutch was 11 inches in diameter. The steering was hydrostatic, and two external hydraulic valves were standard. The brakes were dry, two-disc types. There were three model options: the N had one front wheel, the U had two side by side, and the E had a wide, adjustable front axle.

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Minneapolis-Moline U-302

In 1965, Minneapolis-Moline's largest model was given the number G-1000. Its appearance was modernized, and the wheelbase was extended. The 8.3-liter six-cylinder diesel had an increased rpm range, and the engine power was now reported as 122 hp. The transmission was redesigned with "computer assistance." However, only 10+2 gears with a hydraulic power shift were deemed necessary. The clutch was 14 inches in diameter. The Row Crop model featured a three-point hitch with a weight transfer system called Tel-O-Flo. The steering was now hydrostatic. Separate shafts were provided in the power take-off for speeds of 540 and 1000 rpm. The optional cab remained very basic compared to developing competitors. There was also a four-wheel-drive model of the G-1000 equipped with a Clark front axle, but it remained rare.

Driver conditions improved in 1967 with the Vista version, where the driver sat higher for better visibility. The cab was mounted on rubber dampers, and the fuel tank was moved to the rear. Access to the cab was now from the side of the tractor. The steering wheel was adjustable. Later, a 3-speed power shift was added as an option.

Below the G-1000, the G-900 was introduced in 1967. It was similar in external dimensions to the G-1000 but had a smaller 108-horsepower engine. The gasoline and LPG versions were 7.0 liters, and the diesel was 7.4 liters. The G-900 came standard with only a 1000 rpm power take-off.

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Minneapolis-Moline G-900 – G-1000

After the cooperation with David Brown failed, Oliver went to acquire models from Fiat to serve as the basis underneath their own tractors. The original idea came from the Canadian partner Cockshutt, who had already brought the Fiat 411R model underneath Oliver-based models. The 1250 was based on the model 415, and the larger 1450 on the model 615. The tractors were imported to the USA without tires, lights, and grille. The 1450 was also offered with the Amplicouple quick-shift transmission. The 1450 was available as a four-wheel drive as well. The same models were also found in red in the Cockshutt range.

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Oliver 1250-1450

The Oliver 1255 and 1355 corresponded to Fiat models 450 and 550. They were equipped with diesel engines, and both four-wheel-drive models and versions for viticulture were also available. The 1255 had a 6+2 transmission instead of Europe's 8+2 transmission. Power steering was available as an optional extra. The same models were again sold in Canada under the names Cockshutt 1255 and 1355. In the Oliver lineup, the 1255 was initially known for a short transitional period as the 1250-A.

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Oliver 1255-1355

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The articulated Minneapolis-Moline A4T models were introduced in the autumn of 1969. The same tractor was also sold under the names Oliver 2455-2655. In Canada, it was called the White A4T Plainsman, and it was sold by both M-M and Oliver dealers. The smaller model had an 8.3-liter engine and the larger one had a 9.6-liter engine. In addition, the larger model had a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) version, while the smaller model had a turbo version. The transmission had 10+2 gears. The hydraulic system was either open with a capacity of 64 liters or closed with 76 liters per minute. A three-point hitch and power take-off (1000 rpm) were available as optional extras. A cabin was standard, with air conditioning and heating available as options. The noise level was stated to be 87.5 dB. There were no steering brakes, but the turning circle was a relatively small 9.45 meters.

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Minneapolis-Moline A4T-1400 – A4T-1600 / Oliver 2455-2655 / White Plainsman A4T-1400 – A4T-1600

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In the spring of 1969, the Minneapolis-Moline G900 was replaced by the G950, and the G1000 model by the G1050. The series was expanded by the G1350. The same tractors were also sold under the names Oliver 1865, 2055, and 2155. The prominent name of the parent company, White, was proudly displayed on the front of both. The Minneapolis-Moline models were either in the traditional yellow-white or red-white colors. Just under half of the tractors were equipped with a cab. The cab had a flat floor and was equipped with suspended pedals. The engines were large-displacement six-cylinders from Minneapolis-Moline. Alongside diesel models, a liquefied gas version was also offered. The model options were Row-Crop and Standard, also known as Wheatland. According to the brochure, the lifting mechanism was computer-controlled and equipped with top link and lower link sensing. The hydraulic system was closed-center. The hydraulic powershift was available with either 2 or 3 speeds, resulting in 10+2 or 15+3 gears. All models had a 14-inch clutch. The power take-off had a minimum speed of 1000 rpm, but almost all tractors were also equipped with a 540 rpm shaft.

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Minneapolis-Moline G950-G1350 / Oliver 1865-2155

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The 55-series Olivers from 1555 to 1855 were based on the earlier 50-series models with very minor changes. The 1955 was a new, more powerful version of the 1855. The larger Olivers, on the other hand, were Minneapolis-Moline tractors painted green. The engines were the same 6-cylinder ones as before, except that the 1855's diesel engine was replaced with a smaller turbocharged one. The 1655 and 1755 had more power than their predecessors. The unsynchronized 6+2-speed transmission of the 1555 could be equipped with a hydraulic quick-shift. The larger models were offered with a three-speed quick-shift. The PTO speed could be changed to 1000 rpm by swapping the shaft. From the 1755 onwards, the brakes were hydraulic.

The 1555 model options were Row Crop, Row Crop Utility, and Wheatland/Riceland. The larger models were available as Row Crop and 4WD versions; the 1655 was also available in Wheatland/Riceland versions. The four-wheel drives still had a very short wheelbase. All models could now be optionally equipped with an enclosed cab and auxiliary fuel tanks on the rear fenders.

In the Minneapolis-Moline lineup, these tractors were introduced as models G550, G750, G850, and G940.

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Oliver 1555-1955 / Minneapolis-Moline G550-G940

At the same time that Oliver was selling Fiat tractors in Europe, it was selling Same tractors in some European countries as well as in Australia and New Zealand. The reason behind this arrangement was that Oliver had purchased a stake in the Italian Arbos combine harvester factory in 1967 and was looking to add more products to its international combine harvester sales network. The tractors themselves had no other changes besides the color scheme and grille.

The 462 and 464 corresponded to the Same Aurora, the 572/574 to Centauro, the 672/674 to Leone, and the 852/854 to Ariete.

In 1972, Same changed its model lineup, so the Oliver range changed accordingly. The 562/564 corresponded to the Minitauro, the 682/684 to Corsaro, the 782/784 to Saturno, and the 982/984 to Drago.

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Oliver 452-984

Oliver 1265 and 1365 corresponded to Fiat’s 500 and 600 models. The engines had a larger cylinder bore than the preceding 1255 and 1355. The 1265 featured a 6+2 transmission instead of the European 8+2 transmission. Power steering was now standard equipment, except for the rear-wheel-drive 1255.

In 1973, the 1465 was introduced to the lineup, which corresponds to the Fiat 750 S model. Only a rear-wheel-drive version was brought in.

The same tractors were also available within the group as yellow Minneapolis-Moline versions G350/G450, red and white versions under the names White 1270, 1370, and 1470, as well as Cockshutt 1265, 1365, and 1465.

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Oliver 1265-1465

The Oliver 2055 and 2155, introduced in 1971, were just Minneapolis-Moline tractors painted green, but they were already replaced the following year by the Oliver 2255, equipped with a Caterpillar V8 engine, which was, except for the engine, almost the same tractor as the earlier 2050 and 2150. Only the front part of the frame construction had to be widened. The transmission was still an unsynchronized 6+2. However, almost all tractors were equipped with an optional 3-speed hydraulic power shuttle. The same drivetrain continued even after the Olivers in the White range. The power take-off (PTO) was standard at 1000 rpm, with an optional 540 rpm available via a reversible shaft. The closed hydraulic system had a 75-liter pump but a rather modest lifting capacity of 2700 kilograms. The four-wheel-drive model had a mechanical Clark front drive and a notably short wheelbase. The cab was spacious, had a flat floor, and featured suspended pedals, but it was not quite as refined as the best competitors in the early 1970s.

In Canada, the 2255 was sold in red Cockshutt colors, but now under the White brand.

In 1974, the engine was replaced with a newer 10.4-liter model while maintaining the same power output.

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Oliver 2255

At the beginning of 1982 the White 2-85 and 2-105 were succeeded by the WFE 2-88 and 2-110 Field Boss models. In addition to the red-striped decal, the brand name had changed to WFE (White Farm Equipment) after Texas Instruments took over the company following bankruptcy. The six-cylinder Perkins engines had gained a few extra horsepower. The unsynchronized transmission dating from the 1950s, with its three-speed quick shift, remained unchanged, as did the dry disc brakes. The power take-off now also offered a constant 1,000 rpm speed. A cab was standard. Its basic shape was retained, but the interior was completely redesigned and the noise level fell to 78 decibels.

Four-wheel-drive models returned in 1984 and were now actively marketed. They featured a very short wheelbase in the Oliver style.

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WFE 2-88 – 2-110 Field Boss

White replaced the small Fiat tractors in its product range with Iseki products in 1980. After the short-lived models 2-45 and 2-62, the models 2-55, 2-65, and 2-75 Field Boss were introduced in 1982. These corresponded to Iseki models T6000, T6000, and T9000. The brand name had also changed from White to WFE (White Farm Equipment) in 1981. The engines came from Isuzu. The four-cylinder engines had displacements of 3.3 and 3.9 liters. The 2-75 had a six-cylinder 5.4-liter engine. The transmission was fully synchronized with 16 forward and 4 reverse gears without creep gears, and it also included crawling speeds. The four-wheel drive had a central axle but no lock. Other features included draft sensing, telescopic drawbar ends, and tilt-adjustable steering wheel. A cab was not available.

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WFE 2-55 – 2-75 Field Boss

Texas Instruments sold White Farm Equipment’s tractor production to Allied Products, a company that owned the agricultural machinery manufacturer New Idea. The combines ended up with MF (Massey Ferguson). The White-New Idea tractor brand returned from WFE to White in 1987. In 1987, the main tractor lineup was renewed, and the model designations became White 100, 120, 140, 160, and 185. The designations roughly indicated the power take-off horsepower. The engines were changed to Cummins. The transmission continued to be the age-old unsynchronized 18+6, which had a 3-speed hydraulic powershift. Lifting capacity was increased. Even the smaller models now had oil-immersed disc brakes. The 100-140 four-wheel-drive models had a significantly longer wheelbase than before and featured a limited-slip differential for the first time. The middle model was now based on the technology of the smaller models, unlike before. Only the 160 had a larger engine and a dual-disc clutch. The cab was similar to the previous one: quiet but simple. As an optional extra, the FieldFacts multifunction display could be equipped with a wheel slip monitor.

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White 100-185

White continued purchasing tractors under 50 horsepower from Iseki, but for the 60–80 horsepower range it introduced its own American lineup, which was the only tractor in this class manufactured in the United States. The series was available in four colors: White’s silver, Oliver’s green, Minneapolis-Moline’s yellow, and Cockshutt’s red. The engine was Cummins’s 3.9-liter unit, which was also used, for example, in the Case IH Maxxum. The Model 80 was turbocharged. The transmission was Oliver’s age-old 6+2 gearbox, to which a three-speed power shift could be added. The differential lock engagement was electro-hydraulic. The open-center hydraulic flow was the same 75 liters per minute found on White’s larger tractors. Likewise, the dry disc brakes were familiar technology. An optional cab was available that resembled the cabs on White’s larger models in appearance but was simpler in design.

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White American 60-80

White-New Idea updated their larger tractors in 1990 to the Workhorse series. The increase in power by a couple of horsepower justified raising the model numbers. The engines were still 5.9- and 8.3-liter Cummins, and the transmission was 18+6 with a three-speed power shift and a top road speed of 30 km/h. The lifting capacity was slightly increased. Up to three hydraulic remotes were still available. Also, the largest four-wheel-drive models now had a longer wheelbase, yet despite this, they were reported to have a smaller turning radius than the smaller models. Telescopic drawbar ends were considered a noteworthy improvement. The simple cab featured a new seat and a noise level of 75.5-76.5 decibels.

In 1991, White tractors came under the ownership of Agco.

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White Workhorse 125-195

In 1992, Agco introduced models 6065, 6085, and 6105 to the White lineup to replace the American series, based on the Same Explorer and Silver models. Technically, due to their water-cooled engines, these were closer to the corresponding Lamborghini models. The equipment level was mainly at the basic level of Same, but a quick gearshift was also available for models 6085 and 6105. These models also came standard with air conditioning. The 6065 was also available in a rollover protection version. The 6090 Hi-Clearance was a 6085 equipped with four 38” wheels.

The cabless 6045 introduced in 1996 corresponded to the Same Argon model, but its engine was also water-cooled.

The same tractors were also found in the Agco Allis lineup as orange models. The successors to these models were brought in from MF in Europe.

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Agco White 6045-6090

After the White tractors moved to Agco ownership, a new Agco White Workhorse series was quickly introduced to the market at the end of 1992. Agco was replacing its Deutz-based products in the Allis lineup with a new series, into which the Whites were also integrated. The Agco White 6125-6195 corresponded to the Agco Allis models 9130-9190. The Agco White was powered by Cummins engines and had a silver color. The engines in the orange Agco Allis models were initially air-cooled Deutz, and from 1995 onward, a series of Detroit Diesel engines, which had roots in International Harvester. In Europe, the same tractor was sold under the Massey Ferguson 9240 name as well as the Same 265 and, painted white, as the Lamborghini Traction 220/240/265. In addition, the Deutz-Fahr Agrostar 8.31 was partly based on the same technology.

The engine was a 5.9-liter in the two smaller models and an 8.3-liter Cummins in the larger ones. The transmission was an 18+9 speed full powershift Funk gearbox. The controls for the powershift and the hitch were placed on the armrest. The hydraulics were load-sensing, but the lifting capacity was low relative to the tractor's power class. The front axle was manufactured by ZF. The cab was similar to that of the previous White tractors but placed further forward. An air-suspended seat and air conditioning were standard.

For the 1995 model year, a more powerful 6215 was introduced along with the 6124 and 6144 models, which corresponded to the smallest in the lineup but were equipped with MF’s 32+32-speed transmission, called Quadrashift by White. At the same time, the MF rear axle brought more powerful hydraulics than what was customary in America.

From 1998 onward, the White models were replaced by MF’s French tractors under the name Agco White 6410-8810 and similarly Agco Allis 8745-9785. This continued until 2001. After that, only orange Agco tractors, red Massey Fergusons, and yellow Challengers were sold.

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Agco White 6124-6215

Abati Titanium

Acam

Ackermeister

Acremaster

Aebi

Aecherli

Aérocentre

Agco

Agco-Allis

Agcostar

Agra Farmer

AgraCat

Agrale

Agrar

Agratrac

Agri

Agri Boss

Agri King

Agri-Power

Agria

Agricat

Agrico

Agrifarm

Agrifull

Agrinar

Agrindo

Agrip

Agrisa-Bungartz

Agrison

Agritec

Agritech

Agromash

Agroservis

Agrostroj/Agrozet

Agtor

AgTrac

AH-Goldoni

Airone

Al-Frat

Al-Ghazi

Al-Jadah

Al Jahad

Allgaier

Allgaier-Suisse

Allis-Chalmers

Alpenland

Alpina Oekonom

Altai

Amat-Calvet

Amobil

AMOG

Angad

Ansaldo

Ansaldo Fossati

Antar

Antonio Carraro

Apache Solis

Aprile

Arbos

Arbos Bubba

Arjun

ArmaTrac

Arnoux

Arvid

Ascot Universal

Asian Tractors

Astoa

Austin-Leyland

Austrak

Austro

Aveling-Marshall

Avenger

Avery

Avto

B.M.B President

Babiole

Baldwin

Baltiets

Balwan

Bamford

Barreiros

Basak

Bauchet

Bautz

Bean

Harkov

Vladimirets

Kirovets

YuMZ

Belarus

Bell

Benye

Beriko

Bernard

Bernardin

Bernson

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